Essay on Why Should We Study Sociology - 1830 Words

We should study Sociology because it can affect all aspects of our lives, each and every day and learn valuable lessons from the studies and improve our living. We can use Sociology change our lives today, so that tomorrow will be better for ourselves, children, and so on. Not only is Sociology good for our lives as a person, but it is useful to our neighbors, co-workers, government, state, country and in fact, the entire world benefits from the study of human behavior. Once a person has studied Sociology, they can consider and appreciate other humans perspectives instead of believing that your own perspective is the only answer. This will assist them in their job to be more understanding of their customers, co-workers and bosses†¦show more content†¦Choosing a topic sounds relatively easy, but since humans are very complex in their day to day living, this could be somewhat difficult. The second step in the plan should be to review the past research on the topic they plan to study. The reason it is important to review the literature in the second step is so that a study will not be duplicated or so that you can define your own study against one, or altered in a different way. For example, if we wanted to study the IQ of people of the United States versus the people of Japan, we would need to know if the people in Alaska and Hawaii were also included in this study. If not, it could quite possibly skew the data one way or the other. If we were to not take this into consideration, all of the efforts of this study would be useless and void. Another reason for researchers to read existing data on the topic they plan to research is so that some of the ideas they plan to test may have been looked over. This review may give them ideas they may have not taken into consideration. The third research method step is to identify and define the core concepts which are powerful communication and thinking tools that will allow researchers efficient, complex information. This step, like all others will provide accurate details to allow for a more thorough investigation. The fourth step is to choose a research design and data-gathering techniques. The researcher must identify what orShow MoreRelatedSociology Is The Scientific Study Of Society And Human Behavior895 Words   |  4 PagesMarriam Webster dictionary, the simple definition of sociology is â€Å"the study of society, social institution, and social relationships. Based on the textbook, â€Å"sociology is the scientific study of society and human behavior† (G-6). Through the two definitions, one can deduce that the study of Sociology is a discipline that explains and analysis the human culture in terms of their social relationships and social institutions. 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The Trojan War A Great Battle Between The Greek And...

The Trojan War By Jessie Impey The Trojan War was a great battle between the Greek and Trojan army. Many lives were lost due to this tragic event. Some say that the marriage of Peleus and Thetis started, â€Å"rolling effect,† of issues that lead to the war. The young couple decided to not invite Eris, the goddess of discord and strife. It was quite rude, for them to not invite my daughter but in their defense she can cause a lot of issues. Eris became outraged, when she was not invited. For her revenge, she crashed the wedding and brought a golden apple. Eris states, â€Å"that the fairest goddess shall obtain the golden apple.† I Hera, Queen of the Gods, thought I deserved that golden apple since I indeed am the fairest god. Unfortunately, Athena and Aphrodite though they deserved the apple. To solve this issue, Athena, Aphrodite and I traveled to see Paris, son of Priam and Prince of Troy. We all agreed, that Paris will be the judge of our fairness and the winner shall receive the golden apple. I should have no that this competition of beauty should cause issues but my arrogance got the best of me. To ensure my victory, I promised the Prince immense power, which he somehow declined. Instead of power, he choose Aphrodite’s offer. Prince wanted to marry the most beautiful women in the world, who at the time was already married to Menelaus. Aphrodite received the golden apple and Paris was sent to go woo, Helen. This deal between Aphrodite and Paris was one of the main reasons thatShow MoreRelatedThe war between the Trojans and the Achaeans, which resulted in the Fall of Troy1084 Words   |  5 PagesA war is a behavior patterned of organized violent conflict, which the causes are extreme aggression, societal disruption and high mortality. It involves two or more groups which has found a conflict which may not be resolved, only through war. In all cases, there is always one participant or group which remains successful at the end. Leaders always enter a war with their n ation even though they say their actions were defensive; however when viewed objectively, their actions may more closely be dueRead MoreA Comparison of Achilles and Hector881 Words   |  4 Pagesancient epic Greek poem. The poem is based on the events of the Trojan War, the siege of the Troy city by a combination of Greek states that took almost ten years. The poem outlines the events and battle that took place between the Greeks and the Trojans. The events captured in the poem cover a few weeks to the end of the war. However, the poem contains deep Greek mythical allusion. It describes the great Greek legends involved in the siege, the events that occurred before the actual war such as meetingRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Iliad1714 Words   |  7 Pagescovers intense battles in which the Greeks take on the Trojans. 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He is well known in the Iliad as the main force for the Achaeans in the Trojan War, dubbed the â€Å"swiftest warrior,† â€Å"Achilles dear to Zeus†, and â€Å"brilliant runner.† However many do not know the story of Achilles when he walks away from the Achaean campaign over a scuffle of war prizes. His actio n cripples the Achaean army, costing the lives of many. The story of the Trojan War is one where Achilles ultimatelyRead MoreHelen of Troy Literary Analysis1250 Words   |  5 Pagesto dust. They say great Zeus himself was her father, that the gods never sculpted a more perfect face than hers. But behind that face was a girl named Helen, who loved horses, played the flute, and bit her nails. (Clemence McLaren, 1) Throughout time, men have waged war. Some for power, some for glory, some for honor - and some for love. In ancient Greece, the passion of two of literature s most notorious lovers, Paris, Prince of Troy and Helen , Queen of Sparta, ignites a war that will devastateRead MoreEssay about Iliad: Achilles Hero1628 Words   |  7 PagesKevin Lord HIST 1010 Paper I: The Iliad and the World of the Ancient Greeks To have the utmost strength and courage in times of adversity and despair is to possess the Greek ideal of arà ªte. This is a notion of excellence ultimately connected with the fulfillment of purpose. In Homers epic, The Iliad, Achilles embodies the arà ªte trait very well. Achilles is referred to as strong, swift and god like, he is the great runner and most powerful warrior of the Achaeans. Homer introduces his subjectRead MoreSimilarities Between The Aeneid And The Iliad1029 Words   |  5 PagesIliad†. However, there are many underlying similarities between the two. Virgil intended for their stories to share similar themes and plots because he truly admired Homer’s works he eventually adopted the Homeric style in his own writing. Despite having great battles and bloodshed, Virgil drew parallels to Homer’s works with the heroes and their fates, the men started wars over a woman, the different prophecies, and other connections between â€Å"The Iliad† and â€Å"The Aeneid.† â€Å"The Aeneid† and â€Å"The Iliad†

Environmental Effects on Athletes Free Essays

Environmental Effects on Athletes Another way to explore how athletes are affected by different factors preventing or causing them to perform at their highest level is through their environment. Coaches, parents, peers, childhood, and even the media can manipulate athletes. A coach can get you out of your game by giving too much feedback or not any at all. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Effects on Athletes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Parents often put too much pressure on their child, making them either excel or, for others, burnout. Starting sports at a young age can also have it benefits, like teaching healthy competition and life lessons. On the other hand, it can lead to more injuries in the long run or teach them unhealthy sportsmanship. For older athletes, it’s the peers and media that can have a strong effect. Bad influences in the media and criticism from reporters can take over or overwhelm athletes and cause them not to reach their full potential. Athletes need a certain environment to perform to their optimum ability, through their childhood and even as they grow older. The childhood of an athlete is the most important time to build the characteristics of a champion. Certain factors in an athlete’s childhood can strongly determine not only if they are successful in sports, but also in life. A healthy environment can help children in their sports to â€Å"increase physical and mental health, learn healthy competition among peers and the sense of belonging gained by being part of a team† as Lucie Westminister, a psychology researcher and writer, says (Westminister 1). Coaches and parents are key factors in creating this healthy environment. Giving kids praise for their performance can bring out desirable changes in behavior and promote responsibility. Anything as simple from a pat on the back, to a nod, can affect a growing athlete. According to research found by Westminister â€Å"coaches who give positive reinforcement, provide effective feedback, and foster a caring climate provide the best developmental outcomes for children† (Westminister 2). By providing a favorable outlook and always caring it is easier for children to grow up to excel and want to push themselves. Too much pressure or too little can cause children to grow up thinking sports don’t matter or not want to push themselves to be champions. Coaches may just be thinking about winning but the characters in children’s lives that nurture positive youth development will end up with children who succeed. If coaches and parents are supportive and connected in the right way they can create a champion. On the other hand, there are many risks by introducing sports at a young age. The highly competitive and ‘win at all costs’ attitude at colleges and seen by professional athletes are starting to affect children too. Pushing kids too hard while they are young can lead to a greater risk of injury, unsportsmanlike behavior, or even cause them to burn out. According to Lucie Westminister â€Å"Injuries such as tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) occur more and more in young athletes due to the rigors of practice and competitions†(Westminister). By starting younger, kids wear out their ligaments and joints faster making them more susceptible to injury. Children can also learn unsportsmanlike behavior by witnessing other players, parents, and even coaches. If kids aren’t subjected to the right atmosphere, they will learn bad behavior, just like how Westminister explains â€Å"Children learn behaviors by seeing another person complete the same activity, and therefore witnessing these behaviors may lead the child to mimic these in similar situations† (Westminister). Another negative effect of starting young is a child’s outlook of undue pressure. This negative and high-pressure world we now live in is causing more and more athletes to burn out. If the athlete feels too much pressure or that he or she is not receiving the right feedback it can cause him or her to stress out and no matter how successful, hate the sport they’re in. Family and coaches can prevent a champion from being made through undue pressure. The environment around a child in sports can be a negative impact on there life, unless the right steps are made. As kids grow older media and peers play a more influential role on determining if they will be a champion or not. Television, movies, magazines, video games, the Internet, all have effects on athletes just like how Wayne Wilson found â€Å"94% of U. S. children ages 8 to 17 watch, read about, or listen to sports using one form of media†(Wilson 6). Athletic performance is strongly reduced by distractions, which can arise from peers, unexpected high performance, media, criticism and plenty more. Newspapers, paparazzi, reporters, and even fans can all alter the performance of an athlete through public forums in the media. Many athletes are the targets of the media, always being critiqued and dissected, like Miki Ando. The constant and negative publicity of her figure skating performances caused Ando to struggled in 2005 and 2006, almost missing her opportunity in the 2006 Olympics. The only way to stay out of the media is to do nothing just as Wilson states â€Å"Mediocre people play it safe and avoid criticism at all costs. Champions risk criticism every time they perform†(Wilson 15). Professional athletes are always facing criticism, but with the right mentality, champions can be made. From childhood to adulthood athletes are always facing obstacles in the way of their dreams. Children must face the pressure from their parents, coaches, or any influential adults around them. In order for kids to gain the mentality of a champion and learn life-long lessons, they must engage in the right environment. Throughout high school and college, athletes deal with the media attacking or praising them, along with parents and coaches. Friends and video games also come as a distraction, either giving them the wrong ideas or leading them down the wrong path. Distractions are everywhere preventing athletes from achieving their dreams, but in the right environment, they can become a champion. Works Cited Westminister, Lucie. â€Å"Children in Sports. † Healthy Living Today N. p. , 29 June 2012. Web. 2 April 2013. http://healthyliving. azcentral. com/disadvantages children-sports-1115. html Wilson, Wayne. Children and Sports Media. Los Angelos, CA: Amateur Athletic Foundation, 1999. Print. How to cite Environmental Effects on Athletes, Papers

Book Of Galations Essay Example For Students

Book Of Galations Essay The role of women in the Christian faith has always been matter of debate. Whether women are equal to men in the eyes of the church still presents itself as a major question as we move into the 21st century. Women are still not allowed to serve as priests or hold major positions in the churchs hierarchy. This inferiority is something that is seen as tradition and rarely do people question it. However, in Pauls letters he alluded to a different role that women should take on. He presents the idea that everyone is equal in the eyes of the Lord as long as they have been baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Although he was not the first to ever express these beliefs, the idea that Paul presented was quite radical for his time and may not have been taken with the same authority as some of his other teachings. However, the basic formula that Paul used in some of his letters was also presented by subsequent writers years after he was finished with his ministry. The most straightforward presentation of Pauls view on the role of women is in Galatians 3:28, there is no longer male and female; for all of you are one in Christ Jesus. This statement brought up the idea of baptism and the key role it plays in the life of a Christian. Paul states that when you are baptized in the name of Jesus all worldly distinctions are no longer important. A person is not to be viewed based on past religion, life before baptism, or gender, he or she will now be viewed simply as a follower of Christ. By following Christ a person is baptized into a single body, no divisions are to be made due to past traditions. This formula for equality that Paul presents in Galatians 3:27-28 is echoed in many of his other letters. However, it is not presented as directly, there seem to be some omissions and changes. While writing to Corinth, Paul again expresses the idea of equality and togetherness through baptism in the name of Jesus. In 1 Cor 7:17-24 Paul gives much attention to the Jew and Gentile relationship, as well as the slave and free man. However, in dealing with gender Paul simply writes, In whatever condition you were called, brother and sisters, there remain with God. Paul is not being as explicit as he was in Galatians. Why he backs off the strong argument he made in Galatians is debatable. However, later in the first letter to Corinth Paul seems to retreat even more. In 1 Cor 12:13, Paul again presents the idea of everyone being baptized as one in Jesus. Nevertheless, he makes no effort to mention the gender issues directly. He does allude to it by writing, For in the one Spirit we were all baptized into one body (1 Cor 12:13) but never addresses the male and female issue officially. Paul simply deals with the Jew or Gentile and the slave or free in this verse, these are the same two distinctions as he did in 1 Cor 7:17-24. The effort Paul makes to have his teachings stay somewhat consistent from one letter to the next lends support to the idea that the formula Paul uses was an outline that predates his writings. It can be considered that this passage could have been a pre-Pauline baptismal formula that Paul cites. It could be that Paul simply adapted the formula by adding the male/female phrase as an effort to fully portray his own views. It is possible Christians at the time would know that formula this was used in baptisms. Thus, by manipulating the formula, Paul may have been attempting to show people that the church could change and adapt to meet the needs of the people. Paul was going beyond what predated him by incorporating male and females into the formula. It can even be seen that Paul was going against teachings that were presented in the Book of Genesis. Genesis 1:27 says that God made humanity as male and female and Genesis 1:31 states this creation was very good. By presenting a different idea than that of Genesis, Paul goes against some of most time-honored teachings. He is not concerned with the Law li ke most other Christians at the time. He wants the church to grow as one solid unit in the name of Jesus. Tax Incentives For Mergers And Acquisitions Of Companies Accounting EssayThe role of women that Paul expressed in Galatians can also be found in subsequent early Christian writings. One of these is know as the The Nag Hammadi. These texts contain a large number of primary Gnostic scriptures transcripts that most believed were entirely destroyed during the early Christian struggle to define orthodoxy scriptures such as the Gospel of Thomas, the Gospel of Philip, and the Gospel of Truth. The Tripartite Tractate, which is part of this collection, also presented radical ideas and was often seen as heretical in the early church. It was for this reason that most copies of it were destroyed. However, it too voices the same opinion as Paul did in Galatians, For the end will receive a unitary existence just as the beginning is unitary, where there is no male nor female. It is possible that writers these tests knew Pauls writings. The writers attempted to convey a message that was quite si milar to that of Pauls. However, they did not tone down the writings like Paul did. The fact that most of The Nag Hammadi was destroyed shows that some people in the early church were not ready for the ideas that were presented. There were also famous writers that used Pauls teachings to convey their beliefs to the people of their time. These writers were able to reinforced Pauls beliefs while presenting their own message. Clement of Alexandria uses Pauls opinions to try and eliminate distinctions drawn between men and women in the church. Clement encouraged the teaching of both men and women in his school at Alexandria. This was a theme that was slowly growing in the early church but still had quite a way to go. The letters of Paul served as a comprehensive guide for most of the early Christians. He was able to confront and tackle many significant issues that concerned the churches he established. One of these sensitive issues was the role of women in the early church. Based on the idea of baptism in the name of Jesus Christ, Paul contested that all people were equal and should serve God through their faith and actions. He used both a baptismal formula and the teachings of Jesus to convey his message to the people of his time. This view was one that had not been openly presented prior and probably resulted in controversy. Therefore, aware to the needs of the early church Paul adapted his teachings while still holding his basic beliefs in tact. Pauls teachings still have contemporary consequences when dealing with the role women in present-day Christianity. This text can be seen as something that the world is now ready to fully implement in the 21st century. While Pauls view that women were e qual in the church was radical at the time, it is now an accepted view by most educated people. Therefore, Pauls teachings that God made us all equal through baptism in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ may carry on into new roles of women in years to come. Religion Essays

SubSeven Virus Essays - Software, System Software,

SubSeven Virus How do I remove SubSeven? Removing SubSeven is a two-step procedure due to you having to shutdown and delete the trojan. Firstly, boot into MS-DOS mode. Do this by shutting down your computer and starting it up again. While its loading press F8 multiple times until you get a text based list. This will have an option called "Command prompt only". This is MS-DOS so move the highlighter onto that and press enter. This will load DOS and you will be prompted with C:\*. You are now in DOS mode. Now that you're in DOS, type cd windows. This will take you into the Windows directory. It will look like something like this: Now you must delete some files. You can do this by typing the following commands exactly as they appear below: del SysTra~1.Exe del nodll.exe del systray.exe del kernel16.dl del kerne132.dl del rundll16.exe del nodll.exe Note: Some files will have the error "File not Found". Once you have done that, type exit. This will take you back to Windows. Now when you run Windows, you may find errors saying some file is not found. This is due to that the trojan is designed to run every time you start Windows, but you deleted the trojan so it cant run anymore. It's now time to remove the parts added onto your computer which make the trojan start every time you boot. Click on the Start menu, and then click on Run. In run, you will be required to type in regedit. The following is what it should look like: Now regedit, the Windows Registry Editor, should open. This is the heart of your computer, so don't delete anything you dont need to delete. When regedit starts, you will see a file-like tree on the left hand panel. Expand the folders to follow the path: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run At the end, click on 'Run' once, and the right hand panel should change. It should look similar to the following: Look on the right of the regedit box for the following: SystemTrayIcon = "C:\WINDOWS\SysTrayIcon.Exe" SystemTray = "SysTray.Exe" Kernel16 = "kernel16.dl" RegistryScan = "rundll16.exe" If you have one of these, click on it once with the left mouse button, then right click on it. When the menu item appears, click on delete. It will then dissappear from regedit. After you've done this, close regedit and reboot your computer Note: Some versions of SubSeven won't add anything to regedit, so if you don't see any of the lines above, just proceed to the next step. Now its time to check the Win.ini file. This loads every boot and some versions of SubSeven add a line to the Win.ini file. Go to the Start menu, Programs, click on Accessories and then click on Notepad. Notepad is a text editor and will help you to edit Win.ini. Now that you are in Notepad, click on File. A dialogue box will appear, then click Open. In the Open window, navigate into the Windows directory, click on Win.ini and click open (c:\windows\win.ini). This is what this should look like: Win.ini should open. At the top of it should be the SubSeven line, so if you see the following, delete it: run=nodll Click on File again and go to Save. Next, click to File and Open again and select the file system.ini. This is only in one version of SubSeven, so if the following isn't there, don't worry. There should be a line in the System.ini saying "shell=explorer.exe". This is okay, but if it says "shell=explorer.exe -trojan_name_here-.exe", delete the bit saying "-trojan_name_here-.exe" so the line will end up as "shell=explorer.exe". Save the file from the File menu. Note: The "trojan_name_here-.exe" could be any file name Now you have successfully removed SubSeven, but before you're finished, reboot your machine. Congratulations - you are no longer infected. How do I remove SubSeven? Removing SubSeven is a two-step procedure due to you having to shutdown and delete the trojan. Firstly, boot into MS-DOS mode. Do this by shutting down your computer and starting it up again. While its loading press F8 multiple times until you get a text based list. This will have an option called "Command prompt only". This is MS-DOS so move the highlighter onto that and press enter. This will load DOS and you will be prompted with C:\*. You are now in DOS mode. Now that you're in DOS, type cd windows. This will take you into the Windows directory. It will look like something like this: Now you must delete some files. You can do

Goals of Marketing Research Paper Example

Goals of Marketing Research Paper Example Goals of Marketing Paper Goals of Marketing Paper What are the basic goals of marketing? The basic goals of marketing is to target people who an interest in your product or service. The real challenge of marketing is in finding people who are most likely to want what you are selling and then get them to buy what you are selling. Take a good look at the products around your home. Why do you pick the brands you pick? Its called product differentiation. If you want your product to stand out, emphasize a retain feature or aspect about the product that makes It stand out above similar products and markets. And of course the smaller the niche, the better the fit between your services and the market for It, which will lead to a long lasting relationship with mutual benefits. Always select, read and use the resources of your target market and youll be able to predict with measurable success the trends and shifts In the market. You have to realize Its the market that drives the sellers, so you cant Just sell anything you want. :

The Hart-Rudman Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Hart-Rudman Report - Research Paper Example The Hart-Rudman Report was constituted in the late 1990s by the US top-level government to study major issues of National interest, mostly to do with national security, and then recommend on the way forward for the same in the 21st century (Carl, 2003). The commission came up with a report that gave various observations that were predicted to affect the US in this century. Among the observations of the report was that there would arise a necessity to control the Middle East oil resources in the future. Further, the report predicted a resistance that would be faced by the US, which was to be both domestic and external resistance (USCNS, 1999). The commission also gave a recommendation about the issue of National security, which was majorly driven by the September 11 occurrence. Upon this, the report recommended that Homeland security measures were to be implemented, in order to avert the recurrence of the same. The report went ahead to warn that the issue of patriotism was the greatest threat to the security of the nation, in that there was a need to deal with domestic cynicism and apathy (USCNS, 1999). The greatest threat of US national security is terrorism. However, terrorism against the US is more understandable, owing to how the country has interfered with the lives of the less developed countries, in a bid to secure its interest, mostly oil. This policy has extended the threat of terrorism beyond the US to other parts of the world, where the US seems to have interests. For these reasons, The Hart-Rudman Report observed that the threat of terrorism is not yet over (Carl, 2003).The Hart-Rudman Report was meant to entice and influence the public opinion so that the public can accept the risks and sacrifices that the US foreign policy entails, in securing its oil interests abroad (USCNS, 1999). The report predicted that as the countries in Asia

The Road to the Business of Chiquita Brands International Case Study

The Road to the Business of Chiquita Brands International - Case Study Example This research will begin with the statement that the 21st century has been a period of globalization in which business organizations have developed new strategies to venture in new market environments. The international business environment is characterized by many challenges and organizations have to be prepared to meet the international business standards to meet the demands of this business niche. For Chiquita Brand’s International, the road to the international business market has between rough and challenging. When Chiquita landed in Ghana, the company blossomed and found this to be a new opportunity to increase its business revenue. In fact, the organization managed to make tens of millions in profit from its Columbia banana plantations. However, the company was faced by the terrorist culture that had developed controlled the banana industry for long. When the Guerrilla war in Columbia begun, Chiquita was forced to adopt new tactics of survival in this market. When the R evolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia started a war in Columbia, the Chiquita legal officer took the initiative to pay the counter-FARC, the AUC, to protect the organization against attack. It is this initiative that made Chiquita face the US legal system that regarded AUC as terrorist body. The company was accused of collaborating with terrorist an act that was against the US legal system. The organization had to negotiate its way out this problem. Chiquita International negotiated from this legal lawsuit by pleading guilty of collaborating with the terrorist. In 2007, the organization entered a plea agreement in which the organization accepted to have been involved in financial dealings with terrorist groups. This strategy of negotiation of the Chiquita had a lot of value. All organizations that are found guilty of collaborating with terrorist attacks are fined double its income in compliance with the legal policy. However, Chiquita was allowed to a penalty relief for having admit ted to the crime before investigation. This step also was a great advantage to Chiquita’s council advisor, Mr Olson, who would have received a life sentence if the case had attained its climax. Another legal charge was raised against Chiquita in 2007 when the company was accused of poor worker environments. In Columbia, employees were subjects of hard labor, risky work conditions and long working hours. In 1996, Chiquita had provided $20 million to standardize its work environment in all its branches in the Latin America. At that time, the company had employed over 30,000 workers in 7 different countries. When the organization was accused of neglecting corporate responsibility, it filed a lawsuit against these allegations and was paid a multimillion settlement by the Cincinnati Enquirer newspaper for reputation damage. The ability of the organization to develop a standard work environment formed its strength in corporate responsibility. Chiquita placed value in its communicat ion strategy as part of the development of good customer relation in a culturally diverse population. Gerbe points out to the value of communication intercultural communication in the international market. Chiquita communication strategy is depicted in its core values. The organization puts value in open, straightforward, respectful and transparent communication.

Written Report on SYRIA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Written Report on SYRIA - Research Paper Example Bashar al- Assad is the president of Syria at present who has been enthroned after the death of his father Hafiz al- Assad. The Syrian Economy which is based mainly on the petroleum and agriculture sectors experienced a growth of 2.4% estimated in the year 2008 and these sectors together constitute one half of the Gross Domestic Product of the state. An increase in the production of the oil resulted from the shooting price of crude oil has contributed much to the foreign receipts of Syria (Central Intelligence Agency, p.657). Ease of doing business in Syria The governments of Syria were supporting the public sector for decades and the private sector too is given importance during the last few years as a result of the rethinking from the government side, realizing the necessity to boost private sector for the growth of the gross domestic product and to reduce the unemployment rate of the state. Syria was ranked at 143 in the ‘Ease of doing Business Report’ for the year 20 10 by the World Bank which placed Syria behind all its neighboring countries. In dealing with construction permits and in starting a new business, the country was given 132nd and 133rd positions respectively. These figures indicate the difficulties faced by the private sector of Syria. The rising costs and the number of procedures involved in the process of issuing construction permits could be seen as the reasons behind this low ranking status. The report gives a clear cut idea regarding the tedious process of obtaining a construction permit which involves 26 procedures takes the duration of 128 days and requires spending 540.3 % of per capita income. However a down fall is observable in the case of the number of procedures and the required spending when compared with the statistics of 2006 whereas the cost required was 697% of the per capita income for the attainment of construction permits (Oxford Business Group, 2010, p.117). In the past few years Damascus, the capital has witne ssed a number of economic reforms like opening private banks, reducing lending interest rates, raising prices of certain subsidized items and consolidating exchange rates (Central Intelligence Agency, 2009, p.657). Even though the government has acknowledged that it has carried out a number of reforms in the economy, sufficient legal regulations are expected by the investors in order to promote transparent and effective partnership from the government side and it is true that there is still scope for improvement (Oxford Business Group, 2010, p.117). Foreign business in Syria The trade liberalization and new exchange rate policies have contributed much to the entry of Syria in to the global market and at the same time the state is giving emphasis on the domestic economy in order to promote domestic investors. The number of foreign players entered in the liberalized banking sector appears to be an example of the foreign competition faced by the state. The Syrian economic reforms are c arried out in such a way that they permit foreign participation along with providing necessary support and encouragements to the domestic firms focusing on the development of the economy of Syria. As a result of the corporate tax reformation of 2006 which reduced the tax rate from 65% to 28%, the corporate business sector experienced a remarkable change. A number of new business firms came in to operation and the government experienced an overall increase in the revenue. In 2008 another law was passed by Syria in order to support foreign investors. As per the law investors are allowed to rent or buy land in the state for

Theories Of Corporate Social Responsibility Commerce Essay

Theories Of Corporate Social Responsibility Commerce Essay In the olden days, businesses were mostly with the idea of making profits and existing into the unforeseeable future. Gradually, it has changed dramatically and has shifted attention to responsibilities that firms have. For many years scholars have learnt firms public concerns (e.g., Berle, 1931; Bowen, 1953; Davis, 1960; Dodd, 1932; Frederick, 1960). Still, it is only currently that attraction in Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) has become extensive (Serenko Bontis, 2009; Wagner, Lutz, Weitz, 2009). CSR is a practice with the purpose of embracing responsibility for organisations conduct and supporting a definite impact through its activities on consumers, employees, shareholders, environment, communities, and all other members of the public scope who may also be considered as stakeholders. Other names for CSR include social performance, corporate citizenship, corporate conscience, or Responsible Business or sustainable responsible business (D Wood, 1991). Part A of this paper describes the three theories of Corporate Social responsibility, which are the managerial, utilitarian and relational theories (Secchi, 2007). The practice and significance will also be discussed as CSR seeks to pay attention to efforts that is being put to communities which they are situated, and whether they are been used for the right purposes. The discussion will be on how Anglo-gold Ashanti, Obuasi mining operations has impacted the community both positively and negatively. A personal analysis will be made on whether company pratices the stakeholder theory and a conclusion at the end. Theories of Corporate Social Responsibility Utilitarian Theory The hoary idea of laissez faire business gives way to determinism, individualism to public control, and personal responsibility to social responsibility. Instrumental theories could also be taken evenly with Utilitarian theory (Garriga and Mele, 2004; Jensen, 2002) in which the business is perceived as simply a mechanism for wealth making, as well as its public actions are only a means to attain profitable outcomes. The business is considered as part of the environment that it is situated in. This theory assumes the business has a responsibility to incorporate CSR in their daily working business ethics. Part of the utilitarian approach which is the functionalist also describes the business as part of the echo system therefore has a duty to make profit for its stakeholders through investment in profitable ventures. Managerial theory Secci (2007) examinations explained the reasoning of managerial theory that points out corporate management in which CSR is approached within the corporation. The distinction between the two theories is that, managerial theory suggests that all things outside the scope of the business be taken into account when making decisions. Corporate Social Performance (CSP), theories on social accountability, auditing and reporting and social issues in international business are the divisions in the Managerial theory. This theory is connected to political theories based on bringing out an idea, explaining and planning it mentally, Garriga and Mele (2004), and supported by Wood and Lodgson (2002). It explains that the greatness and power a business has should show in his involvement in the community it is situated and that the business itself is a citizen in that community. Relational theory Relational theory has a root from the complex firm-environment relationships. The theory was unfolded by Garriga and Meles (2004) analysis of stakeholder approach and was backed by the work of Mitchel, Agle and Wood (1997). The focal point of this theory is between the business and the environment. It has four sub-divisions mainly the business and society, stakeholder approach, corporate citizenship and theory of social contract. It talks more about the business and its society and also emphasizing on the stakeholder approach. Anglo-Gold Ashanti, Obuasi Obuasi Gold mine started its operations in 1897 when it was known as the Obuasi mine. Since 1975, the mine has been severely condemned for its environmental pollution, but still continues till date. In 2004 the company merged with Anglo gold Ashanti- South Africa and changed its name to Anglo-gold Ashanti, Obuasi. The company employed over 5700 people in 2009, http://www.anglogoldashanti.com/subwebs/InformationForInvestors/Reports09/AnnualReport09/f/AGA_AR09.pdf (Accessed on 04/12/2012). Mr. Kwesi Enyan is currently the managing director of the company. Positive Impact of the company on the community Anglo-Gold Ashanti has a trust fund that was created by the government of Ghana and the company. One percent of the companys profit at the end of every year is directed to the fund which would be used to develop the community. The company built AngloGold-Ashanti (AGA) primary and junior secondary school. The school is still one of the largest and well-designed junior secondary schools in Ghana. The school developed many talented people with some going on to become managers and CEO of big companies in Ghana. The company also built a hospital near one of its shafts which attended to needs of people of staffs. The hospital was linked to the government as part of an inter-governmental HIV AIDS treatment program. The company distributed condoms with pay slips and also at maternity and child care sections at the hospital. The hospital proved very vital to the community as there were not many hospitals when it was built. The hospital treated a lot of diseases and infections of employees and their children. The company recently opened the Malaria Control department which is independent from the company now but works hand-in-hand with the company. The Malaria control programme has reduced the rate of malaria deaths drastically and also given opportunity to a lot of job opportunities for people in the community. Negative impact of the company on the community During the process of mining there are many gases which are released which pollute the air and spread a lot of diseases to the community. Many people fall sick and die due to some of these unbearable gases used in mining. Mining has accounted for a lot of deaths in communities that they operate. Companies still do not care because as long as they make profits for their shareholders and if company keeps growing, they are alright. The company has also been heavily criticized of mostly employing dependants of its workers. This has resulted to a lot of youth in the community practising illegal mining popularly known as galamsey. There are almost 500,000 small scale miners composed of illegal and legal miners. There have been clashes between company workers and galamsey boys which the workers were wounded. This epitomizes the tense relationship between the two parties. Immoral issues are raised against some managers of the company. There is criticism levelled against recruitment policies of the company. Some ladies are sexually abused before being employed. There are also issues of tribalism and how there is inequality in recruitment policy and bias on the part of some managers in awarding promotions. Many farmers also have to leave their lands because of mining activities, these mining activities has destroyed a lot of vegetation. Mining activities also destroys water bodies and other natural resources which deprive the society and government of required revenue. The company surprisingly also employs huge numbers of foreign labour which really worsens and increase unemployment rate in the community and the country as a whole. The unemployment rate in Ghana including the informal sector is estimated 11% with about 28% of the population living below the poverty line. Is the company practising relational theory and the Stakeholder approach? From 2007-2009, there were no deposits added to the trust fund and as at January 2010, no funds had been disbursed. People started raising question marks to the real usefulness of the funds and whether the projects were just made out of just the company being generous. Some of the companys corporate social responsibilities were not purposefully for the Obuasi community, but for the company itself. This is because the Anglo-gold school only admits dependents of workers and does not give opportunity to other children in the community. This is an unfortunate situation and is unethical because the companys pollution and waste it disposes affects the whole community. The hospital also only benefits the employees and those that the company has relations with. The company argues that the hospital also provides counselling and testing for other community members and also the education giving to the dependents of workers is turn is educating the community because the children are also part of the community. With the theories discussed above and the stakeholder theory, the company view of responsible business is not really geared towards the improvement of the society but making profits and the welfare of its workers only. It is also unethical to destroy the land and vegetation of the community with them not getting so much in return. This depicts the current situation of Anglo-gold Ashanti (Johannesburg) compared to Obuasi, since 2004 when the two companies merged. The city has had massive improvement due to a good CSR towards the city with Obuasi not seeing any major development. Conclusion The company has a point when it employs foreign labour because there are not so much skilled personnel in the country to handle certain job aspects but saying that there must be a win-win situation. The community cannot just be suffering whiles foreigners will be enjoying, so there must be intensive training of human resource in the country to be able to acquire the needed skills to take up these positions. There should be training on plants, chemicals and awareness also made for people in the community to participate in these training programs. There must be the need for our own local resources so that most of the machinery used for mining would not be imported. There must be laws to help improve the lives of the local people and the society as a whole. Government should also play his part in ensuring the company comply with all rules and acts concerning the human rights of people in the community. Finally, companies should see corporate social as a growth engine and not a form of something charitable. PART B (SECTION A) Introduction As individuals we work with people, interact with them and might disagree or agree with them on issues. Conflict management means putting in place ways that reduces bad aspects of conflict and raising the good aspects of it at standards the same or higher than the place where the conflict took place. Additionally, conflict management seeks to improve learning and group results, that is capability or performance in a business environment (Ra him, 2002). People might disagree in decision making because they might have ideas of their own. Conflict may be important to groups and businesses, when managed well; it increases group results (Alpert, Osvaldo, Law, 2000; Booker Jame son, 2001; Ra-him Bono ma, 1979; Kuhn Poole, 2000; Church Marks, 2001). Part B of this paper is divided into two, section A and B. Section A explains conflict, its theory and my experience of it at Mining Building and Contractors Ltd (MBC,Obuasi), Ghana and a conclusion at the end. Section B of this paper expla ins building trust, relationships and communications, theories of building trust, relationships and communication as well as a personal reflection on these skills and a conclusion. Theory of conflict management Conflict is defined as disparity amongst people. It sometimes differs from a slight misunderstanding to a win-or-lose or agitated clash (Kirchoff and Adams, 1982). There are two types of theories under conflict management. The traditional theory is centred on the theory that conflict is immoral, is instigated by troublesome people, and should be subdued. Contemporary theory identifies that conflicts amid people is unavoidable. They can be beneficial to an individual and emerge as a natural result of change and therefore should be managed efficiently (Kirchoff and Adams, 1982) reflects origination as a device for conveying collectively several thoughts and perspectives into a fresh and changed combination. An environment of tautness and resulting to conflict is therefore vital in every business devoted to emerging or operating with new thinking. Personal reflection I worked at MBC Ltd, Obuasi with a colleague at the Accounts Office. My colleagues uncle was the Marketing Manager but wasnt in good terms with Mr. Ocloo, the Accountant, who was our boss. I got to know our boss was someone who was really passionate about his work and disliked lazy and insolent people. I built a strong relationship with my boss and always listened to and respected his views. My boss observed my colleague most of the time missing at the office, this continued for a few weeks. My colleague had been visiting his uncle during periods which there were no work at the office. One day I returned from an errand to find out my colleague had had a confrontation with our boss because of his continuous absence during working hours. He also had reported the case to his uncle who had come and exchanged words with our boss and had worsened the situation. I quickly called my colleague and spoke to him about the way our boss had observed him for a long period before voicing out his fr ustration. I recommended to him outside apologizing to our boss. I also advised him to go back to his uncles office to calm him down. I then ensured he explained things to his uncle and admit it was his fault to make peace. I later talked to my boss for hours explaining that, my colleague was at fault but he really left when we had finished with our work. I wanted to make sure the case does not escalate to higher levels and wanted it solved that day. It wasnt easy because we had to stay behind after office hours when everyone had left to resolve the issue. Both my colleague and his uncle came back with my colleague apologizing and acknowledging the mistake that brought about the conflict. I helped solve the solution because it would have really developed into a real mix-up which would have brought other parties and disciplines into the matter. Conclusion Every day we work with people, who might wrong us or rub us in a way. I personally think conflict is unavoidable but can be managed. At the workplace individuals should always be thoughtful and always try to negotiate with fellow workers to resolve conflicts. Workers must be sensitive to the feelings of other workers and understand that individuals may react to anger, fear and frustration. Workers should provide viable solutions to problems amongst themselves. Mangers should identify and analyse the reason for conflict to understand the root cause of conflict. Any solution for resolving the issue should be aimed at doing away with the root cause. Managers need to have good communication skills to be able to empathize with all the concerned parties and put across their solutions convincingly. Conflicts should be resolved in a healthy way without favouring any individual; all parties involved should be treated with respect and spoken to politely. Managing conflict effectively is valuab le in the progress of an organization. SECTION 2 Introduction Nowadays, businesses are looking for ways to help maintain trust, build good relationships and acquire communication skills in helping them achieve growth in their workplace. Trust is explained as the condition of preparedness for an interaction with something or someone without protection (Duane C. Tway, Jr.,1994). Trust, relationships and communication at the workplace is very essential to the success of a business and wellbeing of people at work. Trust is seen by others as equivalent to trustworthiness, explaining trust in the subject of individual traits that stimulate positive expectations on other individuals behalf(e.g., Butler Cantrell, 1984; McKnight et al., 1998).Organisational relationships can be grouped into functions, departments and teams; union, staff and the management. These relationships are influenced by how people individually treat each other in the workplace, http://www.dol.govt.nz/er/bestpractice/prc/infosheets/GPG-WP-RELATIONSHIP.pdf (Accessed on 03/12/12). Culture of trust is beneficial in disorganized and uncertain places, (Bjerke, 1999). Theories of Building Trust, Relationships Communication Trust is the anticipation by an individual, group, or a business of moral activities, that is, ethically truthful judgments and ways built upon principled values of scrutiny in favour of another person, group, or business in a mutual effort or pecuniary dealing. This explanation highlights the significance of trust in private and workplace relationships, Hosmer (1995). Trust gives way to developing a relationship more effective between the trustor and trustee (Blau, 1964). Jarvenpaa and Leidner (1998) explained that a very fast trust cannot be maintained if there isnt sequential communication. As a result, swift trust is important but doesnt guarantee a situation for communication of trustworthiness. (Meyerson, Weick, Kramer, 1996) explain communication of trustworthiness as a joint way of controlling and directing peoples behaviours and ways in their interplay with each other, and that eventually shows the standard trust that exists between them. Personal Reflection When I started work at MBC Ltd, (Obuasi), the first thing I did was to learn and quickly adapt to the organisational behaviour and culture. The next thing was to win the trust of fellow workers and build good communication levels and relationships with them. I was humble, obedient and was always eager to work. I became more involved in issues of workers in the company. This made me my boss favourite and made him sometimes go to the extent of discussing his personal issues with me. I had already won his trust and had built a vibrant relationship with him. As a new worker of the company, it was not done overnight but through hard work I was able to achieve it. If I saw workers not in good terms at work, I will quickly try to address it. I will have a conversation with the people involved and if it was still not working, I will try a higher authority. I always made sure that no party felt betrayed or offended but it was always a win-win case. I also kept private information from others confidential. When we had finished with work and the place seemed boring I would suggest a group meeting where we thrived on issues to be addressed at the office. We did this at least two times and really helped us a lot and always brought the best in us. I suggested this to fellow workers but did not work at start because some managers did not agree with the idea. Gradually interest for it grew and the company now holds a special meeting once every month where selected workers from various departments share views and discuss problems facing them to managers. This really improved communication and enhanced good relationships and trust in the organization. Conclusion Communication, trust and relationships can be improved in all workplaces, no matter the size of the company. The basis of an individuals interaction in the workplace is through these skills. These skills are very important and should be amalgamated into team building in every organization. Individuals should be encouraged to stop engaging in activities that will reduce trust existing between workers. Workshops and meetings should be organized to prepare and educate workers on developing good communication skills and fostering healthy relationships among themselves. It is never easy to impress or satisfy everyone at the workplace because we are human but we must also know that it takes a lot of effort to fix a broken relationship or trust that existed between workers than to prevent it from happening. If any company wants to move from being just a working group to a high performing one these skills must be taking seriously. None of us is perfect but we can be much more effective and e fficient if we work on building good relations, having easy and simple communication systems and being trustworthy. This will inspire and influence others to help build a successful business environment. Bibliography for Part A Berle, A. A. 1931. Corporate powers as powers in trust. Harvard Law Review, 44: 1049-1074. Bowen, H. R. 1953. Social responsibilities of the businessman. New York: Harper Row. D Wood, Corporate Social Performance Revisited (1991) 16(4) The Academy of Management Review. Davis, K. 1973. The case for and against business assumption of social responsibilities. Academy of Management Journal, 16: 312-322. Dodd, E. M. 1932. For whom are corporate managers trustees? Harvard Law Review, 45: 1145-1163. Frederick, W. C. 1960. The growing concern over business responsibility. California Management Review, 2: 54-51. Garriga, E. and Mele, D. (2004) Corporate social responsibility theories: Mapping and territory. Journal of Business Ethics, 53, 51-74. http://www.anglogoldashanti.com/subwebs/InformationForInvestors/Reports09/AnnualReport09/f/AGA_AR09.pdf (Accesed on 04/12/2012). Jensen, M. C. (2002) Value maximization, stakeholder theory, and the corporate objective function. Business Ethics Quarterly, 12, 2, 235-256. Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R. and Wood, D. J. (1997). Towards a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts, Academy of Management Review, 22(4),853-886. Secchi, D. (2007). Utilitarian, managerial and relational theories of corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9, 4, 347-373. Serenko, A., Bontis, N. 2009. A citation-based ranking of the business ethics scholarly journals. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics, 4: 390-399. Wagner, T., Lutz, R. J., Weitz, B. A. 2009. Corporate hypocrisy: Overcoming the threat of inconsistent corporate social responsibility perceptions. Journal of Marketing, 73: 77-91. Wood, D. J. and Lodgson, J. M. (2002). Business citizenship: From individuals to organizations. Business Ethics Quarterly, Ruffin Series, 3, 59-94. Bibliography for Part B Alper, S., Tjosvold, D., Law, K. S. (2000) Conflict management, efficacy, and performance in organizational teams. Personnel Psychology, 53, 625-642. Bodtker, A. M., Jameson, J. K. (2001) Emotion in conflict formation and its transformation: Application to organizational conflict management. The International Journal of Conflict Management, 3, 259-275 Bjerke, B., Business leadership and culture. National management styles in the global economy, Edward Elgar Publishing, 1999 Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley. Butler, J. K., Jr., Cantrell, R. S. (1984). A behavioral decision theory approach to modeling dyadic trust in superiors and subordinates. Psychological Reports, 55, 19-28. DeChurch, L. A, Marks, M. A. (2001) Maximizing the benefits of task conflict: The role of conflict management. The International Journal of Conflict Management, 12, 4-22. D. C. Tway, Jr., A Construct of Trust, Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, 1994. Hosmer, L. 1995. Trust: The connection link between organizational theory and philosophical ethics. Academy of Management Review, 20: 379-403. http://www.dol.govt.nz/er/bestpractice/prc/infosheets/GPG-WP-RELATIONSHIP.pdf (Accessed on 03/12/12). Jarvenpaa, S. L. Leidner, D. E. 1998. Communication and trust in global virtual teams. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 3(4): 1-36 Kirchoff, N., Adams, J.R. 1982. Conflict Management for Project Managers. Drexel Hill: Project Management Institute. Kuhn, T., Poole, M. S. (2000). Do conflict management styles affect group decision making? Human Communication Research, 26, 558-590. McKnight, D. H., Cummings, L. L., Chervany, N. L. (1998). Initial trust formation in new organizational relationships. Academy of Management Review, 23, 473-490. Meyerson, D., Weick, K. E., Kramer, R. M. 1996. Swift trust and temporary groups. In R. M.Kramer (Ed.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research: 166-196. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Rahim, M. A., Bonoma, T. V. (1979). Managing organizational conflict: A model for diagnosis and intervention. Psychological Reports, 44, 1323-1344. Rahim, M. A. (2002) Toward a theory of managing organizational conflict. The International Journal of Conflict Management, 13, 206-235.

Bartleby The Scrivener :: essays research papers

Most everyone remembers a favorite story that he or she has read. A book that just captivated the reader from beginning to end. But how do authors successfully grab the attention of their readers? Authors utilize specific techniques to convey the characters, setting, and plot effectively. The two short stories Bartleby, the Scrivener by Herman Melville and The Tenant by Bharati Mukherjee do just that. The authors of both stories effectively develop unique characters through description or narration, action, and dialogue, which fit in with both the setting and the plot. The main character in Bartleby, the Scrivener is indeed an interesting one. Although the name of the story may give the impression that the main character is Bartleby, it is in fact the narrator whom we learn the most about. The narrator is described as a very orderly person. His actions and speech demonstrate his fastidious ways. The narrator even shows the reader right from the beginning that he prefers to go about i n an orderly fashion, by the fact that he absolutely must give background about his life and work, before he can begin to tell us about his employee. "Ere introducing the scrivener†¦if is fit I make some mention of my self, my employés, my business, my chambers, and general surroundings†¦" (Meyer, 113). The narrator’s setting, including his office, also shows that he likes to keep everything organized. His office is separated into sections by folding glass doors to distinguish his side of the room from his scriveners’. The narrator also separates Bartleby into confinement. "Still further to a satisfactory arrangement, I procured a high green folding screen, which might entirely isolate Bartleby from my sight, though not remove him from my voice" (118). The reader can see that the narrator likes to have a set way of doing tasks through his actions and interactions with the other characters. The narrator is obviously not one whose dem ands are often ignored. He does not quite seem to know how to react when Bartleby "prefers" not to comply with the narrator’s wishes. "I staggered to my desk, and sat there in a deep study†¦ Was there any other thing in which I could procure myself to be ignominiously repulsed by this lean, penniless wight? – my hired clerk?" (122). Another one of the narrator’s qualities is being pompous. He seems to have an overblown image of himself and puts himself above others.